Konrad Adenauer - Federal German Chancellor (1949-1963)

The six members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC - 1951):
Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands

These six mations were signatories to the Treaties of Rome (1957), creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Agency (EURATOM)

Members of EFTA (light green countries were members who later joined the European Union)

Charles DeGaulle

Economic agreements during the Cold War showing enlargement of the European Economic Community to 1988 - including the enlargement of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 1973.

After his death, Stalin's body was to lie in state like Lenin's - part of the continuing personality cult.

Nikita Khrushchev (General Secretary of the Soviet Union [1953-1964] and Premier [1958-1964] of the Soviet Union) at the 1960 United Nations General Assembly

An edited version of the 20th Soviet Party Congress Speech is here

East Berliners riot on June 17, 1953 leading to Soviet troops putting down the unrest.

Imre Nagy makes his final appeal for Western assistance.

A column of Soviet armor occupies Budapest in 1956.

President Kennedy meets with his cabinet during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Potential range of missiles placed in Cuba prior to the crisis.

Leonid Brezhnev
General Secretary of USSR (1964-1982)

The Henselman Towers on the Karl-Marx Allee (in 1953 known as the Stalinallee)

An example of the "Barracks Classicism" of the Stalinallee

A new national style for a Communist Germany?

McDonald's at the Frankfurter Tor

The Karl-Marx bookstore

Map of the Berlin Wall and crossing points

Satelite map showing route of the Berlin Wall.

American armor at Checkpoint Charlie during the building of the Berlin Wall.

Sign announcing the sector border.

The "Tränenpalast," or the "Palace of Tears." This was the building where East and West Germans with appropriate visas would meet one another. So called because of the tearful reunions and departures.

In 2002 it was a dance club.

Bernauer Strasse where Berlin-Mitte meets Berlin-Wedding. The bricks in the road denote where the Berlin Wal was - note also that the pavement is relatively fresh (2002)

The Bernauer Straße subway station. Technically the whole station was in East Berlin, but one step out of the north side brought you into West Berlin (note the wall marker).

The Bernauer Straße station was a "Geisterbahnhof" or a ghost station. Trains would run from Wedding in West Berlin, through Mitte in East Berlin, and then back in to Kreutzberg in West Berlin again. West Berliners would ride past the walled up stations all through East Berlin.

I lived in the grey building past the green scaffolding on the right for a month in 2000 and could see the old border from my window.

Looking east towards the Bernauer Straße subway station.

A preserved section of the Berlin Wall at a memorial on Bernauer Straße.

This photo shows what would have been seen looking from East to West - there were actually several walls. The buildings are in West Berlin.

Looking though the wall above into the "Death Strip."

The Berlin Wall ran through a cemetery at the west end of Bernauer Straße.

A picture of the Versöhnungskirche in the 1980s

The demolition of the Versönungskirche in 1985

The Versöhnungskirche in 2002.

Potsdamer Platz in the 1980s

Here you can see the course of the wall near the Brandenburg Gate.

In 2002, large parts of the city were simply left open and undeveloped after the Berlin Wall was torn down. This is on the southwest side of Mitte.

The graffiti reads - the Wall does not run between people, rather between those above and those below. This was taken near the Oberbaumbrücke - I am not sure if the graffiti is from before or after the wall was torn down.

The East Side Gallery. This wall was in East Berlin to keep people from jumping into the Spree and swiming to West Berlin. Left intact, it became an impromptu art gallery after the wall's fall and has been preserved.

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